Threat Explainers

Malware explained: viruses, trojans, ransomware, spyware, worms, adware and rootkits, how each spreads, and the defences that cover all of them.

6 min read · Updated 2026-08-09

Spyware explained: keyloggers, infostealers, stalkerware and tracking adware, the signs of infection, and how to remove spyware from a Windows PC.

5 min read · Updated 2026-08-09

Trojan malware explained: how it disguises itself, common types including droppers, RATs and bankers, and how to avoid and remove trojans on Windows.

5 min read · Updated 2026-08-09

Computer worms explained: how they self-propagate across networks without user action, historic examples, and the patching and firewall defences that stop them.

5 min read · Updated 2026-08-09

Adware explained: how bundled installers deliver it, what it collects, why classic antivirus tolerates it, and how it differs from a browser hijacker.

5 min read · Updated 2026-08-09

Rootkits explained: how they hide from the operating system, why offline scanning is the reliable detection method, and when a clean reinstall is the only answer.

6 min read · Updated 2026-08-09

Infostealers explained: what they take from browsers, how session cookies defeat two-factor authentication, and exactly what to do after one is found.

6 min read · Updated 2026-08-09